chemistry in everyday life

Chemistry in everyday life

Everything is made of chemicals. Many of the changes we observe in the world around we see that caused by chemical reactions. Chemistry is very important because it helps us to know the composition, structure& changes of matter. All the matters are made up of chemistry. In our every day like various chemical are being used in various from, some of those are being used as food, some of those used clanging etc.

                                              1 Element in the Human Body

Body is made up of chemical compounds, which are combinations of elements. Probably know body is mostly water,  which is hydrogen and oxygen,

                                                2. Health Care and Beauty:

The diagnostic tests carried out in laboratories, the prognostic estimations, medical prescriptions, pills, the vaccines, the antibiotics play very vital role in health monitoring, control of diseases and in alleviating the sufferings of the humanity. Right from birth control to enhancement of life expectancy- all have been made possible using the unequivocal services of Chemistry. From simple sterilization surgical instruments with antiseptic solution to Chemotherapy and Genome sequencing are all nothing but applications of Chemistry. Injecting cows, buffaloes, goat and sheep with bovine some towrope Increases milk-production but it is indiscriminately being used by sportspersons to un-ethically enhance performance. Aging- a chemical change can only be checked chemically. Most beauty products are produced through chemical synthesis to clean, nurture and protect skins. However their certain ingredients are hazardous to our health in the long run.

                                                  3. Industries and Transport:

From cloth mills, lather factories, petro-chemical industries and refineries to metal industries- all use numerous fuels for power generation and chemical products for processing their product and improve the equality and simultaneously produce pollution. Now-a-days chemical effluent treatment plants use chemicals to control or neutralist he hazardous impact of pollutants produced by the industries. Aviation and shipping industries generate power through power plants which burn fuels. Petrol and diesel emit out green house gases dangerous for the survival on earth which damage the ozone layer that protects us from UV rays. As a result global warming has taken place which is a destroyer of the planet earth. But again Chemistry paves the way with bio-fuels.

                                            4. Food Security and Agriculture:

The famous green revolution to increase agricultural produce so as to ensure food security was triggered by the advent of inorganic fertilizers. Since then fertilizers are extensively used by farmers to restore the fertility of soil in the fields. Pesticides are used to protect the crop during farming and preserve the grains from pests, rats and mice during storage. Genetically modified seeds which are used to enhance production and earn profits through export of food grains are agricultural applications of Bio-chemistry. Whereas refrigeration system for cold storage of vegetables and raw meat uses Poly Urethanes Foam (PUF) and the chemical properties of gases, the preservatives in packaged food products are known to have adverse impact on our body.

                                                   5. Science and Technology:

The destructive effects of Atom Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Generations in Japan have suffered the devastation and there has-been no solace. The threat of weapons of mass-destruction (WMDs) like the Nuclear, Chemical and Biological weapons looms large on the Humanity. Terrorists are using RDX and other explosives to run currents of fear down the spines across the globe. Nuclear reactors which are going to serve the future generations through power generation leave us with the problem of Nuclear Waste Management. Whereas the destructive power is generated through chains of chemical reactions, we remain assured that Chemistry has facilitated the chain of counter measures too in the form of safety suites and NBC resistant bunkers. Forensic science- the comprehensive scientific analysis of material evidence in the context of the law uses principles of chemistry to facilitate crime investigation. Tele-communications, Information Technology and Space Missions- all bank on the chemistry of semi-conductor sand nano-tubes.

                                                                6 Cooking
Chemistry explains how food changes as we cook it, how it rots, how to preserve food, how our body uses the food eats, and how ingredients interact to make food.

                                                                7 Cleaning
Part of the importance of chemistry is it explains how cleaning works. we use chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes, laundry, yourself, and your home. we use chemistry when use bleaches and disinfectants and even ordinary soap and water. How do they work? That's chemistry!

                                                               8 Medicine
it is very need to understand basic chemistry so that we can understand how vitamins, supplements, and drugs can help or harm us. Part of the importance’s of chemistry lies in developing and testing new medical treatments and medicines.

                                                         9Environmental Issues
Chemistry is at the heart of environmental issues. What makes one chemical a nutrient and another chemical a pollutant? How we can clean up the environment? What processes can produce the things our need without harming the environment? We're all chemists. We use chemicals every day and perform chemical reactions without thinking much about them. Chemistry is important because everything you do is chemistry! Even our body is made of chemicals. Chemical reactions occur when we breathe, eat, or just sit there reading. All matter is made of chemicals, so the importance of chemistry is that it's the study of everything.

                 

uses of zinc dust

Zinc dust is essentially nothing else but minute physical particles of zinc.

It can be used for a variety of purposes, most of them are those where zinc is used. Some of the purposes are:

1. In paints: - We know metals like zinc and aluminium do not rust so easily as iron does. Hence it is zinc dust is used in cheap paints and colours to avoid corrosion and rusting of the material on which it is put.

1. In electrometallurgy :- We know, that in the Electrochemical or EC Series, Zinc is higher than metals like copper, mercury, iron, etc. Hence it is used to remove the cations of these metals from solutions.
2. In explosives:- Zinc dust has a slightly explosive nature. Hence, it is somehow used in cheap explosives. See this video to watch an experiment that proves zinc dust is explosive:

1. In zinc dust distillation:- Organic compounds on ozonolysis gives an organic ozonide. This organic ozonide undergoing zinc dust distilllation will give various compounds.

organic acids

Organic Acid

Definition - What does Organic Acid mean?

Organic acid is a type of organic compound that typically has acidic properties. A common example of organic acids are called carboxyl acids, which are generally known as weak acids and do not totally dissociate in a medium such as water, unlike with strong minerals.

The simplest form of organic acids, such as acetic and formic, are typically used in stimulation treatments against corrosion for gas and oil, since these are less reactive compared to hydrochloric acid and other strong acids.

The Sodium Chloride Structure

The Sodium Chloride Structure

General Notes

NaCl has a cubic unit cell. It is best thought of as a face-centered cubic array of anions with an interpenetrating fcc cation lattice (or vice-versa). The cell looks the same whether you start with anions or cations on the corners. Each ion is 6-coordinate and has a local octahedral geometry

 

Structure

Shown below are two crystallographic planes in NaCl. Notice that the (111) plane is hexagonally closest packed

 

kmno4

Potassium Permanganate: Structure and Formula

Potassium permanganate is not as popular as other chemical compounds, but we probably encounter it more often than we think. Potassium permanganate, also known as permanganate of potash or Condy's crystals, is a chemical compound consisting of two ions: a potassium ion and a permanganate ion.

The physical state of potassium permanganate is an odorless solid, and they look like dark purple or bronze colored crystals. If we dissolve these crystals in water, the solution becomes purple in color. Potassium permanganate is able to oxidize many substances, so it is very well known as a strong oxidizing agent, a substance that accepts or takes electrons from other substances.

Uses Of Potassium Permanganate

Potassium permanganate has various uses in various fields, such as water treatment, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and even in survival situations. In this section, we will discuss the various uses of potassium permanganate.

 Properties of Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)


1. Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄): Action of HeatPotassium permangante on strong heating gives potassium manganate, manganese dioxide and oxygen.

2 KMnO₄ ----------> K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

2. Oxidising properties of Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)

Potassium permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent in alkaline or acidic solution. The relevant half reactions are:

1. Alkaline medium (pH > 7)

MnO₄^- + 2H₂O + 3 e^- ----------> MnO₂ + 4OH^-


2. Acidic medium (pH <7)

MnO₄^- + 8H⁺ + 5e^- ----------> Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O



A few important oxidizing reactions of Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)


1. In acidic medium potassium permanganate oxidizes green ferrous salts to yellow ferric salts

MnO₄^- + 8H⁺ + 5Fe²⁺ ----------> 5Fe³⁺ + Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O


2. in acidic medium potassium permanganate oxidizes oxalic acid or oxalate salts to CO₂and water2 MnO₄^- + 16H⁺ + 5 C₂O₄^2- -------------> 2 Mn²⁺ + 10 CO₂ + 8 H₂O


3. In acidic medium potassium permanganate oxidizes nitrites to nitrate.


2 MnO₄^- + 6 H⁺ + 5 NO₂^- -------------> 2 Mn²⁺ + 5 NO₃^- + 3 H₂O


4. In acidic medium potassium permanganate oxidises iodides to iodine.

2 MnO₄^- + 16 H⁺ + 1 OI^- ----------> 2 Mn²⁺ + 8 H₂O + 5 I₂


5. In alkaline medium potassium permanganate oxidizes iodides to iodates .

2 MnO₄^- + H₂O + I^- ------------> IO₃^- + 2MnO₂ + 2 OH^-